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https://freeswitch.org/confluence/display/FREESWITCH/Firewall

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    Criado por Brian West, última alteração por Sergey Safarov em 2019.11.23

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About

If you are going to route traffic across your network, you need to ensure that you do not have a firewall blocking traffic on the specified network paths. Commonly firewalls are installed at egress points, where your local network connects to the internet. You may also run a firewall on the server itself. This is not always the case in some corporate environments. If you are not responsible for your network, you may wish to contact the group or individuals who are responsible for it.

Information they may need to enable traffic would include the port numbers. Various protocols use different ports for different things. Some you need bi-directional connectivity, some you only need outbound. Depending on your call scenario you may only need to allow connections that are initiated by your system. If you have any problems with protocols not working, it is recommended that you disable your firewall to the FreeSWITCH™ system, place a test call, and see if the problem persists. A misconfigured firewall is responsible for many common problems.

    1About
    2Typical Ports
    3Linux netfilter iptables
        3.1Module options
        3.2Configuration
            3.2.1Notes
            3.2.2Side effects
    4Example
        4.1Back up your current iptables rules
        4.2Create new rules
        4.3Turn on the rules
        4.4Save the final rules
        4.5Load rules on boot

Typical Ports FireWall Ports Network Protocol Application Protocol Description 1719 UDP H.323 Gatekeeper RAS port 1720 TCP H.323 Call Signaling 2855-2856 TCP MSRP Used for call with messaging 3478 UDP STUN service Used for NAT traversal 3479 UDP STUN service Used for NAT traversal 5002 TCP MLP protocol server 5003 UDP Neighborhood service 5060 UDP & TCP SIP UAS Used for SIP signaling (Standard SIP Port, for default Internal Profile) 5070 UDP & TCP SIP UAS Used for SIP signaling (For default "NAT" Profile) 5080 UDP & TCP SIP UAS Used for SIP signaling (For default "External" Profile) 8021 TCP ESL Used for mod_event_socket * 16384-32768 UDP RTP/ RTCP multimedia streaming Used for audio/video data in SIP, Verto, and other protocols 5066 TCP Websocket Used for WebRTC 7443 TCP Websocket Used for WebRTC 8081-8082 TCP Websocket Used for Verto

ESL SECURITY RISK

Think carefully about opening the ESL port to the external world and change the default password. ESL allows any system commands to be run or even to crash FreeSWITCH for call recovery testing. Allowing public access is therefore a security risk.

Note that the ports may vary depending on which modules you have loaded and their configuration, for instance you may have more or fewer SIP profiles, and you may have changed many of the above ports including SIP,RTP,ESL etc. Linux netfilter iptables

THIS IS REQUIRED IF YOU ARE USING AN IPTABLES FIREWALL!!!

You must add the interface and port numbers for each sip_profile used in your FreeSWITCH installation.

The nf_conntrack_sip and nf_conntrack_h323 modules will watch unencrypted SIP/H323 and automatically open the firewall ports required for RTP if you are accepting packets with the RELATED state. SIP and H323 packets after the first packet will be in the ESTABLISHED state. If you allow any RELATED,ESTABLISHED packets before processing new/unknown packets, then your firewall will accept subsequent packets much sooner, resulting in lower CPU usage and latency.

This may only apply to packets on the standard ports (UDP/5060, TCP/5060, TCP/1720) as it requires that the firewall recognizes the SIP/H323 protocol the packets are using.

This is of course not possible for encrypted connections, as the firewall cannot look inside the VoIP packets to get the RTP IPs and ports. With the imperative of encrypted communications, these steps are necessary to allow traffic through the firewall. Module options

You may need to adjust the following options in some configurations, e.g. setting sip_direct_media=0 for bypass media (either done by FreeSWITCH's bypass_media or by a gateway). Module Option Description Values Default* nf_conntrack_sip sip_direct_signalling Expect incoming calls from registrar only* 0/1 1 nf_conntrack_sip sip_direct_media Expect Media streams between signalling endpoints only 0/1 1 nf_conntrack_sip sip_timeout Timeout for the master SIP session Integer 3600 nf_conntrack_sip ports Port numbers of SIP servers* List of up to 8 port numbers (comma-separated) eg. 5060,5070,5080 5060 nf_conntrack_h323 default_rrq_ttl Use this TTL if it's missing in RRQ Integer 300 nf_conntrack_h323 gkrouted_only Only accept calls from gatekeeper Integer 1 nf_conntrack_h323 callforward_filter Only create call forwarding expectations if both endpoints are on different sides (determined by routing information) Integer 1

Module options are given when loading the module, e.g. "modprobe nf_conntrack_sip ports=5060,5080" to use a non-default setting. Modules will need to be unloaded and reloaded to change their options.

The two most commonly used options are "ports" and "sip_direct_media".

You can check the current module parameter values by viewing the special files in /sys/module/nf_conntrack_sip/parameters/ Configuration

If your distribution supports /etc/modules.conf: /etc/modules.conf

open /etc/modules.conf in an editor

add the line:

options nf_conntrack_sip [options]

If your distribution supports /etc/modprobe.d/: /etc/modprobe.d/

Create a file 50-nf_conntrack_sip.conf and open it in an editor

add the line:

options nf_conntrack_sip [options]

If your module is loaded using modprobe (eg. in rc.local): modprobe

modprobe nf_conntrack_sip [options]

Notes

sip_direct_signalling=1 and gkrouted_only=1 will still allow all incoming calls if you have a rule such as "-p udp --dport 5060 -j ACCEPT" for the protocol, since you are explicitly allowing signaling instead of relying on the module.

Default values are taken from linux-source-2.6.26 on Debian 2010/02/26, and may vary in later versions. Side effects

Invalid SIP packets may be silently dropped by iptables even if all packets are allowed (e.g. if they have no CSeq header). This should not be an issue for FreeSWITCH, since it only sends valid SIP packets. Example

This is a basic firewall setup using just IPTABLES on Debian Squeeze. Back up your current iptables rules

iptables-save > ~/iptables.up.rules.vanilla

Create new rules Example iptables rules Expandir origem

These six rules below will block the vast majority of all sip scanner traffic that randomly scans the Internet. Use these rules in conjunction with Fail2Ban and you will be in good shape to avoid rogue attackers. SIP scanner iptables block iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5060 -m string --string "VaxSIPUserAgent" --algo bm iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5060 -m string --string "friendly-scanner" --algo bm iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5060 -m string --string "sipcli" --algo bm iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5080 -m string --string "VaxSIPUserAgent" --algo bm iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5080 -m string --string "friendly-scanner" --algo bm iptables -I INPUT -j DROP -p udp --dport 5080 -m string --string "sipcli" --algo bm

Turn on the rules

iptables-restore < ~/iptables.fs.rules

The rules are now turned on. Test and make changes to your firewall as necessary. Save the final rules

Once you are happy with your rules, save them.

iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules

Load rules on boot vim /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables

!/bin/bash

/sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules

chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables